Biological context
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide is encoded by the CAMP gene. The hCAP18 precursor is processed into LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide involved in innate immune defense. Laboratory studies show that active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binds the vitamin D receptor and directly increases CAMP transcription.
How to interpret the graph
The graph reports correlations from the supplied 2026 study, not a dose-response experiment. A higher correlation coefficient indicates a stronger positive association; it does not show how much LL-37 or CAMP would change at a particular Vitamin D3 dose.
Important limits
The follow-up analysis included 11 supplemented participants with diabetic foot infection and was not a COVID-19 study. Correlation does not establish causation. The paper also reported no statistically significant difference in CAMP gene expression among study, reference, and healthy-control groups at follow-up, despite the significant within-group association.